Dr Ram Singh, Principal DPS Ranchi Gives tips to Score high in Board Examination

Prabhat Khabar has started series of tips for the benefit of Board appearing students. It carried first article by Dr Ram Singh, Principal-DPS Ranchi.

How to avoid Stress during Examinations ?

Arun Vedhera for SuccessCDs.net (C)

The first thing to remember is that there is absolutely no substitute to consistency and regularity. You have to therefore regularly attend your classes in college/tuitions/on-line study groups. Incase you miss some session(s) please take help from your friends and update your notes.
Studying all by yourself is not recommended at the foundation building stage. Later on in life you can take specialized courses for additional knowledge and possibly do a lot of work yourself.
Be attentive in all your classes right from the beginning of the academic year and try to ask questions if any aspect is not clear, without leaving the issue unresolved. There is nothing to be gained by leaving the confusion pending as it will snowball.

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No student how so ever intelligent or bright he/she may be manages to regularly do well and score high grades without regular application to studies. As the saying goes ‘it is 90 percent perspiration and only 10 percent inspiration’
The brighter ones manage to select the right stream suiting their talents, study regularly, harder than others and above all work smartly, thus enhancing their input-output ratio.
Every one can therefore do the same by acknowledging this fact and taking appropriate timely action.
Never be judgmental about your teachers and understand that you have to learn from them as you are in the process of building up your future.

Moreover ‘respect begets respect’ and if you are regular, attentive and respectful, you will be able to get the best out of all your teachers, irrespective of their own style and whims.
You will need to carefully analyze your courses and segregate your strong and weak areas. In the former you can study yourself and build up a good score, while for the latter you may need some additional coaching.
If indeed you require some coaching, go to a good academy or tutor right in the beginning of the session for enrollment. Do not leave things till the end when neither the teachers have sufficient time, nor you will have the ability to cover every aspect of a seemingly difficult course in a hurry.
You should select that stream of studies in which you are comfortable and which interests you. Just because science in school will enable you for engineering entrance or commerce for chartered accountancy should not be the dominant criterion. If you are honest and logical in analyzing the reasons behind your choice, which can be your interest and passion for a profession/career or your area of strength, you are most likely to reach a good decision.
Now you can consider the recommendations of your parents and counselors and tally the same with your own decision. In cases of a match, there is no confusion. In all other cases you need to carefully explain your own reasoning to your elders and understand theirs. This process is likely to remove lot of confusion and provide clarity for your later life.
While certain professions like medicine and engineering are always at a premium, but in today’s competitive age, degree for an average institution is not enough. This means that you need to get into a reputed college and as far as possible your aim should be to try for the best colleges.

There are many other career choices available today and the same rule of good quality education applies to them also. In all cases you need to apply the same principles discussed so far.
Allocate some fixed time for studies every day and stick to the routine. You can factor-in your recreation and play timings along with the hanging-out time with friends so that there is no clash with your study timings.

If you follow this plan systematically you will have more time for everything and will neither miss out on your studies or fun and pleasure.
Some of you must be wondering that we have not discussed the ‘stress during examinations’ as yet.
That is because we have been addressing the correct ways to ‘avoid building of the stresses.’ There is no special magic to be applied at the last stage and all the necessary steps have to be taken in advance, much before the examination stage.
By the time your examinations draw near, you should have once completed your syllabi, marked the difficult areas/unresolved problems and discussed the same with your teachers. You must do the complete syllabus and never rely on guess papers.
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CONCLUSION
The examination time and the intervals between papers are strictly for revision and not for attempting new chapters for the first time.

You should follow a reasonable routine of sleep, regular meals and revision so that there is no sense of panic.
Go for examinations well rested and fresh so that you can give your best.

Arun Vedhera
An Engineer,M.B.A with 34 yrs. of Managment Experience in the Industry. As a Top Management Professional,well versed with all the functional areas and the human dynamics. Passionate about management education and a satisfied customer of Life.

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Reasons Why We Forget

 

By Kendra Cherry, About.com Guide

What are some of the major reasons why we forget information? One of today's best known memory researchers, Elizabeth Loftus, has identified four major reasons why people forget: retrieval failure, interference, failure to store, and motivated forgetting.

1. Retrieval Failure

Image: Courtney Icenhour

Have you ever felt like a piece of information has just vanished from memory? Or maybe you know that it's there, you just can't seem to find it. The inability to retrieve a memory is one of the most common causes of forgetting.

So why are we often unable to retrieve information from memory. One possible explanation retrieval failure is known as decay theory.According to this theory, a memory trace is created every time a new theory is formed. Decay theory suggests that over time, these memory traces begin to fade and disappear. If information is not retrieved and rehearsed, it will eventually be lost.

One problem with this theory, however, is that research has demonstrated that even memories which have not been rehearsed or remembered are remarkably stable in long-term memory.

2. Interferance

Another theory known as interference theory suggests that some memories compete and interfere with other memories. When information is very similar to other information that was previously stored in memory, interference is more likely to occur.

There are two basic types of interference:

• Proactive interference is when an old memory makes it more difficult or impossible to remember a new memory.


• Retroactive interference occurs when new information interferes with your ability to remember previously learned information.

3. Failure to Store

Sometimes, losing information has less to do with forgetting and more to do with the fact that it never made it into long-term memory in the first place. Encoding failures sometimes prevent information from entering long-term memory.

In one well-known experiment, researchers asked participants to identify the correct U.S. penny out of a group of incorrect pennies (Nickerson & Adams). Try doing this experiment yourself by attempting to draw a penny from memory, and then compare your results to an actual penny.

How well did you do? Chances are that you were able to remember the shape and color, but you probably forgot other minor details. The reason for this is that only details necessary for distinguishing pennies from other coins were encoded into your long-term memory.

4. Motivated Forgetting

Sometimes, we may actively work to forget memories, especially those of traumatic or disturbing events or experiences. The two basic forms of motivated forgetting are: suppression, a conscious form of forgetting, and repression, an unconscious form of forgetting.

However, the concept of repressed memories is not universally accepted by all psychologists. One of the problems with repressed memories is that it is difficult, if not impossible, to scientifically study whether or not a memory has been repressed. Also note that mental activities such as rehearsal and remembering are important ways of strengthening a memory, and memories of painful or traumatic life events are far less likely to be remembered, discussed, or rehearsed.

Top 10 Memory Improvement Tips

 

Improve Your Memory With These Great Tips

By Kendra Cherry, About.com Guide

Do you find yourself forgetting where you left your keys or blanking out information on important tests? Fortunately, there are things that you can do to help improve your memory. Before your next big exam, be sure to check out some of these tried and tested techniques for improving memory. These strategies have been established within cognitive psychology literature to improve memory, enhance recall and increase retention of information.

1. Focus your attention on the materials you are studying.

Image: ddpavumba / freedigitalphotos.net

Attention is one of the major components of memory. In order for information to move from short-term memory into long-term memory, you need to actively attend to this information. Try to study in a place free of distractions such as television, music and other diversions.

2. Avoid cramming by establishing regular study sessions.

According to Bjork (2001), studying materials over a number of session's gives you the time you need to adequately process the information. Research has shown that students who study regularly remember the material far better than those who do all of their studying in one marathon session.

3. Structure and organize the information you are studying.

Researchers have found that information is organized in memory in related clusters. You can take advantage of this by structuring and organizing the materials you are studying. Try grouping similar concepts and terms together, or make an outline of your notes and textbook readings to help group related concepts.

4. Utilize mnemonic devices to remember information.

Mnemonic devices are a technique often used by students to aid in recall. A mnemonic is simply a way to remember information. For example, you might associate a term you need to remember with a common item that you are very familiar with. The best mnemonics are those that utilize positive imagery, humor or novelty. You might come up with a rhyme, song or joke to help remember a specific segment of information.

5. Elaborate and rehearse the information you are studying.

In order to recall information, you need to encode what you are studying into long-term memory. One of the most effective encoding techniques is known as elaborative rehearsal. An example of this technique would be to read the definition of a key term, study the definition of that term and then read a more detailed description of what that term means. After repeating this process a few times, you'll probably notice that recalling the information is much easier.

6. Relate new information to things you already know.

When you are studying unfamiliar material, take the time to think about how this information relates to things that you already know. By establishing relationships between new ideas and previously existing memories, you can dramatically increase the likelihood of recalling the recently learned information.

7. Visualize concepts to improve memory and recall.

Many people benefit greatly from visualizing the information they study. Pay attention to the photographs, charts and other graphics in your textbooks. If you do not have visual cues to help, try creating your own. Draw charts or figures in the margins of your notes or use highlighters or pens in different colors to group related ideas in your written study materials.

8. Teach new concepts to another person.

Research suggests that reading materials out loud significantly improves memory of the material. Educators and psychologists have also discovered that having students actuallyteach new concepts to others enhances understanding and recall. You can use this approach in your own studies by teaching new concepts and information to a friend or study partner.

9. Pay extra attention to difficult information.

Have you ever noticed how it's sometimes easier to remember information at the beginning or end of a chapter? Researchers have found that the order of information can play a role in recall, which is known as the serial position effect. While recalling middle information can be difficult, you can overcome this problem by spending extra time rehearsing this information. Another strategy is to try restructuring what you have learned so it will be easier to remember. When you come across an especially difficult concept, devote some extra time to memorizing the information.

10. Vary your study routine.

Another great way to increase your recall is to occasionally change your study routine. If you are accustomed to studying in one specific location, try moving to a different spot during your next study session. If you study in the evening, try spending a few minutes each morning reviewing the information you studied the previous night. By adding an element of novelty to your study sessions, you can increase the effectiveness of your efforts and significantly improve your long-term recall.